One of the priceless relics in Christianity is rightfully the Shroud of Turin (Italian: Sindone di Torino). For many millions of people, this is a genuine canvas for the burial of Jesus Christ, on which the face of Jesus' body with traces of blood was mysteriously imprinted. According to the belief of Christian believers, the linen shroud from Turin is a witness to the Suffering of Jesus Christ and causes awe and awe before the shroud.
The Shroud is called Turin, since for more than 400 years it has been in Turin, in Italy, and is kept in the church of St. John the Baptist. The well-preserved relic is an oblong cloth of 4.36 m X 1.1 m. Sotkana Turin shroud made of flax, which comes from the regions of the Middle East.
The Catholic Church officially owns the priceless canvas after the death of Humbert II of Savoy in 1983, who bequeathed it to the Vatican, where it is located to this day. The Roman high priests, led by the Pope, admit that they believe in the authenticity of the relics and that Jesus is imprinted on the canvas.
Research
Few shrines have undergone such careful study as the Shroud of Turin. Scientific debate is still ongoing around the cut of the canvas into which, by parable, the body of Jesus of Nazareth was wrapped after the crucifixion.
The body imprint is of genuine interest to the best minds of mankind, because if it is really a real funerary canvas of Jesus, then the Face of the God-man sealed in a mysterious manner testifies to the Resurrection of Jesus. Skeptics and atheists have to refute the obvious evidence of the authenticity of the shrine.
The study of the ancient cut of fabric was carried out by world-famous scientists from around the world, joining forces in solving a significant historical problem. The Shroud of Turin has undergone a thorough analysis of historians, photographers, geneticists, mathematicians, chemists, archaeologists, artists, microbiologists, biophysicists, pathologists, and surgeons.
There is more and more evidence against the hypothesis of skeptics that this creation is the work of the masters of the Renaissance. Scientists have discovered that the shroud contains:
- limestone particles characteristic of the Dead Sea region;
- pollen and microorganisms from Jerusalem;
- aragonite in the blood;
- coins on the eye sockets;
- male blood, which is confirmed chemically.
The image on the fabric
The outline of a tall male body with numerous wounds is clearly visible. Even the smallest drops of blood and scratches are visible. If the Shroud of Turin is a fake, then its author was well acquainted with the Holy Scriptures, capturing the suffering of Jesus with high accuracy.
Between the 5th and 6th ribs on the right, a wound from a spear, lacerated wounds from nails in the area of wrists and feet, a lot of traces from lashes, the back was a mess, because the Roman lash was made of ox wires with metal pieces at the ends. Traces of thorns of thorns, numerous traces of beatings and abuse are also visible, an imprint from the crossbeams of the cross, like that of Jesus, is visible on the shoulder.
Crucified Jesus could only take gusty breaths, there was a slow cruel strangulation. If you add to the torment the scorching Palestinian sun, unbearable thirst, then the Turin fabric very accurately preserved the traces of inhuman abuse, which did not spare the God-man. Jesus was beaten by a whole regiment of soldiers.
One side of the panel has two prints of the human body in a pose characteristic of funeral rites of the 1st century. The prints resemble opal, like from a hot iron. According to eyewitnesses, the shroud with the image is best visible from a distance of 2 m or more. The closer you get to the banner, the more mysterious the image is more difficult to see, as it begins to blur.
The ancient shroud has preserved traces of events that happened in 1532, namely, fire damage occurred. The folds of the canvas were scorched by hot silver. Although the canvas itself was partially damaged, the fire almost did not touch the Divine image.
Traces of execution
Blood stains are observed throughout the image, especially bleeding is strongly observed in the area of the feet and wrists, a wound in the right side, which exactly coincides with the story of the blasphemous abuse inflicted on Jesus during the execution. According to Roman customs, nails were driven into Jesus Christ’s wrists, after which the warrior stuck a spear between 5 and 6 ribs to make sure his death.
For crucifixion, the Romans used nails only in the first centuries BC. e. The image also shows traces of bloody smudges on the face and head, according to the biblical description of the flagellation and torment of the crown of thorns, preceding the crucifixion of Jesus. No traces of decomposition were found on the flax cut.
In 4 places on the canvas there are groups of 3 holes located with the letter "G", burned with a hot object. It is assumed that the main reason for the appearance of holes is burning pieces of incense on a four-folded cloth.
Experts, examining a yellowed section of a miraculously preserved canvas under a magnifying device, noted a striking thing - the image was made without any dyes or pigment substances, brush strokes are not visible and there are no similarities with the works of any artists, there are no characteristic features of a certain artistic style. Also surprising was the fact that the imprinted imprint affected only the upper layer of fibers, although all dyes would have penetrated into the fabric.
Modern science
Photographic Negative
Another unique miracle was the discovery made in 1898, when the photographer Secondo Pia was allowed to take 2 pictures of the shrine. Amazed Secondo was shocked when the outlines showed a silhouette, and the manifest image was positive. Turin fabric with a wonderful image turned out to be negative, and if you photograph it, you can get a positive image. With awe, Secondo was imbued with this shot, he was struck by the reality that appeared before him in the photograph, because the black-and-white shot enhances contrast at times.
The unusual image was due to the absence of any contours. To give portraits a form, all artists used contours, right up to 19th century impressionism. Reliable research data is usually based on the manner of drawing, the nature of the contours. It is unlikely that any of the masters of the Renaissance could capture such an excellent negative typo on the fabric when they knew nothing about the science of photography?
New discoveries
In 1931, one of the best professional photographers, Giuseppe Henri, was commissioned to complete a series of photographs of the shrine. Then new discoveries and other details were discovered, such as the possibility of the presence of Roman coins in front of the eyes of those who were lying in the shroud.
Specialists in working on a wonderful canvas used the following methods:
- radiography;
- infrared radiation;
- thermography;
- radiocarbon dating;
- plasma mass spectrometry;
- ultraviolet rays;
- macro photography;
- electron microscopy;
- DNA analysis
- modern achievements of microbiology and chemistry;
- scientific modeling;
- Computer techologies.
Tissue safety
The Shrine of Turin is carefully and carefully stored, avoiding the ingress of microorganisms. The shroud is well preserved due to the arid climate and lack of air. For centuries, the shrine was in crayfish, chests, not falling into the rays of daylight. For about 500 years, the Shroud of Turin was generally carefully walled up in a stone wall.
Turin fabric is in excellent condition and this is not surprising, many shrouds are preserved to this day, although they are 3-4 times older than the Shroud of Turin. Scientists know a great many burial canvases dating back to the 1st millennium BC. e. and later, but not one of them had any prints.
Radiocarbon method
To study the relics, a special Turin commission was created from famous scientists who determined that the shroud is absolutely not exposed to atmospheric effects. Specialists decided to conduct new experiments on threads and small pieces of fabric, filming the process on video.
Dr. Raes noted that the master of the highest class worked on yarn, the density of the fabric corresponds to high-quality Egyptian fabrics. For that time, this piece of fabric was very expensive. The Holy Scriptures say that Joseph of Arimathea, who entangled the body of Jesus with a shroud, was a very wealthy city dweller.
The radiocarbon method showed the presence of very ancient cotton fibers of Egyptian origin, proving that the fabric was woven on the machine on which cotton was previously woven. Until the 9th century, this variety of cotton was unknown to Europeans, the British were not familiar with this type of matter until the 15th century, so falsification could hardly be assumed.
In 1978, the Shroud of Turin underwent rigorous research by 40 specialists who applied cutting-edge equipment. A group of scientists was able to determine that the image on the fabric appeared as a result of some phenomenal event, as if the body passed through the fabric, leaving behind scorch marks that resembled traces of fire, affecting only the upper layers of the fabric. This could fully confirm the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.
In 1988, studies of scientists about the age of the material were at an impasse when world luminaries came to the conclusion that the shroud does not exceed 7 centuries of age. Although rigorous calculations were made, experts did not take into account the fact of fires that affected the fabric. In 1995, scientists from Russia Andrei Ivanov and Dmitry Kuznetsov identified miscalculations in the analysis of radioactive carbon and scientifically proved that fire, smoke, soot increased the content of atoms, which caused a decrease in the age of the known canvas. As a result of scientific experiments, it was established - the age of the shroud is about 2000 years.
Such an impression, which is located on the shroud, cannot be obtained by any action known today. Remotely, it can be compared with the outlines of the bodies remaining after the atomic explosion that occurred in Hiroshima. So far, no one has been able to explain this phenomenon.
For those who believe in the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, the Shroud of Turin is a miracle left for future generations to give them food for thought.
Book
The book "Leonardo da Vinci and the Brotherhood of Zion. Revelations of the Templars" was published. Its authors Clive Prince and Lynn Picknett came to the conclusion that the genius Leonardo da Vinci was directly related to the mysterious Shroud of Turin. The book reveals many secrets that may be hidden behind the sacred canvas.
 | Book of the Shroud of Turin. The mystery of the resurrection. Buy a book with delivery at the best price. |
Film
"Shroud of Turin" - a documentary about new discoveries pursues the main intention: to establish the originality and age of the shroud. The authors of the picture carefully research scientific hypotheses that shed new discoveries on the history of the origin of the relic. A unique sensational detailed video footage of the work of scientists is shown. The documentary and the book quite interestingly present various opinions of scientists.
